This is an uncommon
variant of the Swift Portable Histological
microscope. Except for the objectives, springs,
screws, racks, and pinions, it is made entirely of
aluminum. Evidently, the purchaser of this
microscope sought to have one that was as light as
possible, most likely for actual field/expedition
use. A
brass example is also in this
collection and without any optics, it weighs
6.5 pounds, while this aluminum version comes in at
only 2.5 pounds.
The following article
from Nature, 1892 suggests that Swift
& Son was the first firm to have produced an
aluminum microscope. Unfortunatley, the article
does no reveal the date of manufacture of the
microscope.
Royal Microscopical Society, October
19.--Mr. G. C. Karopi
Vice-president, in the chair.—The chairman
exhibited and described Messrs. Swift's aluminium
microscope, which he believed to be the first
microscope made of that metal. The chief point in
the instrument was its extreme lightness, the
whole when complete, and including the condenser
and eyepiece, weighing only 2lb. 10 1.2 oz. as
against the weight 7lb. I3 oz. of a precisely
similar stand made in the usual way of brass. It
was perhaps not entirely correct to say that
every portion was of aluminium, because there
were certain mechanical difficulties met with
which prevented some portions from being made of
that metal ; for instance, he believed it was
almost impossible to cut a fine screw upon it
without the thread "stripping" and it was also
found extremely difficult to solder, so that the
necessary screws in the instrument were made of
brass, the Campbell fine adjustment of steel ;
the rack and pinion coarse adjustment was also
not made of aluminium, and the nose-piece was of
German silver.
The following note
taken from the Journal of the Royal
Microscopical Society, 1895 describes a
folding portable aluminum microscope produced by
Swift. This is likely the same model shown on this
page given that the weight of the instrument
matches the weight found here:
Mr. J. M. Swift
exhibited a folding portable Microscope, made to
the order of Dr. Keightley, entirely of
aluminium, with the exception of the mechanical
fittings, which were of steel. It was provided
with a removable mechanical stage, and the
fine-adjustment was on the differential screw
principle, rather finer than 1/200 in.,and
divided in French measurement. The legs were of
solid drawn aluminium, and although very light,
the instrument was remarkably steady.
Dr. Dallinger said
he had felt and expressed the opinion a long time
ago that the use of aluminium for a travelling
Microscope would be of great advantage. This one
was beautifully made, and was extremely light and
firm. With slight modification it would form an
extremely useful portable instrument.
The Chairman said
he had been afforded the opportunity of seeing
this Microscope and of comparing it with a brass
one of the same size and pattern, but he could
scarcely add to what Dr. Dallinger had said about
it. It was rather a large instrument to come
under the title of a " portable " Microscope,
though, of course, all depended upon how much
portability was wanted. This certainly seemed to
be thoroughly steady and not easily turned over,
although he was quite surprised at its lightness
as compared with brass, the difference being 2
lbs. 5 1/4 oz. as against 6 lbs.
The following was extracted from the Journal of the Quekett microscopical Club, vol. VII, pg 202, 1898-1900:
Messrs. Swift exhibited a microscope on their four-legged tripod model, but made of aluminium throughout, with the exception of the rack work, screws, and wearing surfaces, these latter being of steel, or faced with thin steel plates. All the fittings, as eyepieces, sub-stage condenser, etc., were also of aluminium, including the entire mount of the objective shown, which Messrs. Swift believed was one of the first so constructed. The President thought the use of aluminium for the objective mount was greatly to be commended, as it would be n great saving of strain on the fine adjustment, in some forms at least.
Karop believed that one drawback to the use of aluminium was that it was a very expensive metal to work—the screws and racks also had to be made of some harder metal, he thought this difficulty might be met to some extent by making an alloy of aluminium with some other metal which would give it greater hardness, while retaining some of the advantages of lightness.
Mr. M. Swift said this could no doubt be done, but as soon as they began to get harder alloys they got them heavier
Mr. Michael said it was easy to make an alloy of aluminium, which was an exceedingly hard metal, but it was not exactly a tough metal, at least so he found some years ago when he was considering the possibility of making a microscope of this kind. He thought, however, that the great value of this light weight was where they wanted a travelling microscope—for it did not much matter in the case of one which was to be used at home; but if there were to be steel parts introduced, were there any means taken to prevent these from rusting?
Mr. M. Swift said the working parts were always lubricated with oil, and this was found sufficient to prevent rust. He might also say that when Mr. Michael approached them some years ago on this subject, the aluminium which they were then able to get was much more difficult to work than the kind they were able to obtain now.